In the landscape of digital transformation applied to construction, photogrammetry proves to be a key technology capable of effectively interfacing with Building Information Modeling (BIM).
BIM has become an advanced standard for managing the lifecycle of a construction project: it allows the generation and updating of three-dimensional data on buildings and infrastructure, ensuring a clear and integrated view from the earliest design stages.
Photogrammetry, on the other hand, enables the acquisition of three-dimensional measurements starting from simple photographs. By processing images captured from different angles — including drone shots — it is possible to obtain accurate surveys and detailed digital models.
When these models are integrated into a BIM workflow, an even more precise picture is achieved, useful not only for design but also for inspections, maintenance, and post-construction interventions.
This synergy is increasingly strategic in the construction and infrastructure sectors.
Types of Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is not a single approach but a set of methodologies that vary depending on the technologies used and the application context:
- Microphotogrammetry: Designed for scientific and medical fields, it allows microscopic-scale surveys using stereomicroscopes.
- Close Range Photogrammetry: Suitable for distances between 1 and 30 meters, it is widely used for urban, architectural, and structural surveys. Ideal for creating 3D models of existing buildings or areas undergoing redevelopment.
- Architectural Photogrammetry: Intended for detailed acquisition of geometries and positioning of structural elements, perfect for restoration and conservation projects.
- Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry: Terrestrial photogrammetry involves placing the camera at ground level, while aerial photogrammetry uses aircraft or drones to obtain wide-area surveys.
- Photogrammetry with UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle): Combines the practicality of drones with the precision of photogrammetric imaging, optimal for confined surfaces and complex contexts such as historic centers or abandoned industrial areas.
3D Surveys and Applications
It all starts with a set of photographs, but the real value of photogrammetry lies in the subsequent processing.
Images undergo photogrammetric orientation — internal, relative, and absolute — which enables obtaining three-dimensional coordinates faithful to reality. The result? Scale geometric models providing a digital representation of the surveyed environment.
Applications are numerous and highly valuable: from surveying bridges, viaducts, dams, and historic buildings, to inspection activities on critical infrastructures.
Surveys allow for the detailed identification of surface damages, cracks, and deformations, as well as the comparison of data over time to monitor structural evolution.
Photogrammetry also looks to the future, supporting predictive maintenance through the creation of digital twins — updated, navigable models that help prevent failures, plan interventions in advance, and reduce operational costs. This is a concrete aid to intelligent asset management.
During construction or after project completion, photogrammetric surveys allow comparison with BIM or CAD models, identifying any discrepancies or anomalies. This enables timely intervention, thanks to reliable and metrically precise data.
Today, thanks to drone integration and advanced software processing capabilities, photogrammetry is one of the most accessible and effective technologies for digitalizing inspection, design, and maintenance processes.
A versatile, precise, and highly strategic tool in terms of innovation and sustainability.